Radiosynthesis of a carbon-11-labeled AMPAR allosteric modulator as a new PET radioligand candidate for imaging of Alzheimer’s disease

To develop PET tracers for imaging of Alzheimer’s disease, a new carbon-11-labeled AMPAR allosteric modulator 4-cyclopropyl-7-(3-[¹¹C]methoxyphenoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide ([¹¹C]8) has been synthesized. The reference standard 4-cyclopropyl-7-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (8) and its corresponding desmethylated precursor 4-cyclopropyl-7-(3-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (9) were synthesized from 4-methoxyabiline and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate in eight and nine steps with 3% and 1% overall chemical yield, respectively. The target tracer [¹¹C]8 was prepared from the precursor 9 with [¹¹C]CH₃OTf through O-[¹¹C]methylation and isolated by HPLC combined with SPE in 10–15% radiochemical yield, based on [¹¹C]CO₂ and decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB). The radiochemical purity was >99%, and the molar activity (A_M) at EOB was 370–740?GBq/μmol with a total synthesis time of 35–40-minutes from EOB.     

植物microRNA的保守性及其分布的分析

MicroRNA(miRNA)是真核生物中具有重要调控作用的小分子非编码RNA。本文对miRNA官网miRBase数据库Release 22.1中隶属于植物界的绿藻门、苔藓植物门、蕨类植物门、裸子植物门、被子植物门共计82个物种的miRNA进行了统计分析。miRBase共收录植物miRNA 前体8 615个,成熟miRNA 10 414条,隶属于2 892个miRNA家族。绿藻门miRNA与其他4个门miRNA无同源性;对其他4个门植物miRNA的保守性进行研究,发现存在于2个植物门的miRNA家族有26个,属于中度保守miRNA家族;14个miRNA家族存在于3个及3个以上植物门中,属于高度保守miRNA家族,其中7个miRNA家族系苔藓、蕨类、裸子和被子植物共有,是植物中最保守的miRNA。分析表明,超过30个miRNA家族的植物有35种。进一步对40个中度或者高度保守miRNA在35种植物中的分布进行研究,发现miRNA家族及其成员在物种间的分布存在较大的差异。这些分布上的差异一方面反映不同植物中miRNA的研究深度不同,另一方面也反映出miRNA在植物进化过程中的适应性调整。研究不同植物中miRNA家族的分布,可在miRNA水平为植物早期进化同源性的研究提供分子依据。     

HCMV IE86对恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡及p53表达活性的影响

人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)能诱导肿瘤细胞恶性转化且抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡,但HCMV编码的主要即刻早期调控蛋白IE86在这一过程中是否发挥关键作用仍然未知。为探究IE86对基因修饰荷胶质瘤小鼠p53表达水平及恶性胶质瘤细胞凋亡情况的影响,本研究通过PCR技术鉴定基因修饰小鼠IE86表达情况;实时定量PCR技术检测IE86和p53mRNA表达水平变化;免疫组织化学方法检测p53和p21蛋白的表达水平;TUNEL检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况。结果显示,成功构建了IE86基因修饰小鼠模型;与IE86阴性组相比IE86阳性组p53表达水平上升(P0.05),但p21表达水平下降(P0.05);IE86阳性组细胞抗凋亡能力增强(P0.05)。以上结果表明,在基因修饰的小鼠中IE86持续表达但p53转录活性的指示标志p21下调,且IE86可提高恶性胶质瘤细胞抗凋亡能力。     

国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物驼峰藤的研究进展

通过对专著、文献和多个网络资源数据库(植物志、标本、图像等)分析考证,及赴部分产地的野外实地考察,对珍稀濒危植物驼峰藤(Merrillanthus hainanensis Chun et Tsiang)的分类地位、形态特征、标本记录与保存、产地与生境、濒危的野外生存现状等情况进行了综述,以期为该保护物种的生存和发展和保护提供参考。自1933年采集到标本和1941年命名驼峰藤以来,至今已有80多年的历史,研究表明它的分布区范围从原广东、海南省扩展到中国大陆西南部和中南半岛部分地区(缅甸和柬埔寨),部分原有记载分布点已无法找到野生植株,导致其濒危的主要原因是生境的破坏和质量下降,广东中山五桂山脉或许是目前发现的最大野生种群保存地,文中就其保护措施提出了相关建议。     

Immunity promotion and proteomic identification in mice upon exposure to manganese superoxide dismutase expressed in silkworm larvae

With manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) expressed in silkworm larvae, Bomby mori L, we investigated the effects of silkworm larvae powder containing SOD on the immune system of mouse and employed a proteomics approach to examine this phenomenon. Our data on the effects of continuous treatment with SOD-containing silkworm larvae powder showed that the ConA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation of all three treated groups was higher than that of the control. The results of PFC assay also revealed that antibody production was higher in all three treated groups than controlled mice. We investigated the phagocytosis of mouse macrophages. The SOD treatment led to a dose-dependent increase of phagocytic activity. We identified six proteins that related to immunity of mice. The data showed all these six matched proteins related immunity presented the increase of expression level in plasma of mouse administrated with silkworm powder including SOD compared to that of control. These findings demonstrate that administration of silkworm larvae powder containing SOD results in enhancement of immunity activities in the mouse. The results also suggested that the SOD expressed in silkworm maybe have potential application in medicine.     

Optimized cultivation of highly-efficient degradation bacterial strains and their degradation ability towards pyrene

Two bacterial strains, Py1 and Py4, have been tamed and isolated through long cultivation with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon—pyrene as the single carbon source. It has been proven that they are both highly-efficient pyrene degrading bacteria and both Bacillus sp.. The pyrene degradation ability of separated Py1, Py4 and the consortium of equal Py1 and Py4 was studied in this project. It is shown that pyrene degradation rates were 88% in 10hr by Py1, 84% in 14hr by Py4, and 88% in 8hr by the consortium. It was also determined that the best degradation temperatures were 37°C and pH 7.0 respectively. The influence of different nutrient substrates added in the degradation experiments was also studied. It was shown that sodium salicylate, sodium acetate and yeast extract had obvious simulative effect, but glucose had no obvious effect. __________ Translated from Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis (Natural Science Edition) 2006, 39: 71–74 [译自: 南开大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

心脏血管三角的应用解剖学研究

目的:探讨心脏血管三角的形态学特点,为心脏手术提供形态学资料。方法:取正常成人心脏60例,10%甲醛溶液固定;取新鲜成人心脏10例,制作出心脏的血管铸型标本。定点解剖显示左冠状动脉及其分支的形态、位置、数目、直径及角度,心大静脉的形态、位置,进行观测。比较前室间支、左旋支与心大静脉围成的三角的特点。结果:左冠状动脉起始处与终末处的外径分别为4．18±1．36mm、4．79±1．53mm,主干长度8．99±1．26mm;左旋支、前室间支起始处的外径分别为3．30±1．02mm、3．31±1．03mm;左冠状动脉分别与前室间支、左旋支形成的夹角为173°±5．3°,117°±4．6°。对角支起于心血管三角的上角,有1-3支不等,其起始处的外径为1．78±0．32mm,长度为20．12±0．42mm。心大静脉与前室间动脉、左旋支呈深、浅相交,静脉行于动脉表面占56%、静脉行于动脉深面占44%。心大静脉、前室间支、左旋支两两相交形成心血管三角的三角与三边,其夹角分别为41．97°±11．9°, 65．05°±14．5°,70．17°±16．5°,前室间支的起始处与心大静脉相交处的距离23．04±5．36mm,旋支的起始处与心大静脉相交处的距离15．24±4．23mm,心大静脉横跨前室间支与左旋支的距离为26．28±6．31mm。结论:前室间支、左旋支与心大静脉在左心室前上部围成一闭合、开放、半闭合半开放、山峰四型血管三角。三血管以不同的角度两两相交,三角形的形状可分为A、B、C类。三角形内有数目不等的对角支及左心室前支,对角支分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型。左冠状动脉介入治疗,心二尖瓣,主动脉瓣置换应充分考虑心血管三角的形态特点,尽可能避免血管的损伤。     

Recruitment of stem cells by hepatocyte growth factor via intracoronary gene transfection in the postinfarction heart failure

We aim to study the amelioration effect of adenovirus5-mediated human hepatocyte growth factor gene transfer on postinfarction heart failure in swine model. Twelve Suzhong young swine were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 pigs each: Ad5-HGF group and mock-vector Ad5 group. Four weeks after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, Ad5-HGF was intracoronarily transferred into the myocardium. Simultaneously, gate cardiac perfusion imaging was performed to evaluate the heart function. Three weeks later, gate cardiac perfusion imaging was performed again, then the hearts were removed and sectioned for immunohistochemical examination to illustrate the effects of Ad5-HGF on infarcted myocardium. The expression of HGF was examined by ELISA. The results were: (1) compared with the mock-vector Ad5 group, high expression of human HGF was observed in the myocardium of Ad5-HGF group; (2) in the Ad5-HGF group, the number of CD117 cells co-expressing c-Met per mm2 was significantly larger; (3) the improvement in LVEF was greater in the Ad5-HGF group than in the mock-vector Ad5 group. We concluded that: (1) high expression of human HGF was observed in the myocardium through intracoronary gene transfection; (2) HGF can improve the mobilization of CD117 /c-Met stem cells into ischemic myocardium. The amelioration effect of HGF on postinfarction heart failure could not be limited to stimulating angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis, but was also involved in the recruitment of stem cells into myocardium.